coffee maker

Caffeine
like chocolate
often receives bad publicity. Whilst in some instances
and in excess
these can have negative effects on our body
they can also be quite beneficial.

I am not disputing that some people are more sensitive to the negative effects of either caffeine or chocolate. For example
excess caffeine can create anxiety
nausea (particularly if taken on an empty stomach)
an increase in heart rate
and even depression in some people. And chocolate is certainly not something that should form the mainstay of one's diet. If struggling with sugar addiction
or wanting to lose weight
there are more nutritionally complete foods that are available.

But scientists have turned up some interesting facts on caffeine. For example
caffeine actually blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain (adenosine) that otherwise makes us feel tired. This is why it works so well to keep us awake. It also encourages the release of another brain chemical
dopamine (as well as adrenaline). Dopamine contributes to a feeling of well being.

Two studies
one a population based study (which are not as specific or rigorously defined as other types of studies
but nonetheless valuable indicators) found that drinking caffeine containing drinks like coffee and tea had a protective effect for those at risk of developing liver disease. Issues that the study participants had that increased their risk of liver disease included alcoholism
hepatitis B or C
obesity
or other complications.

And the results indicated that people who drank more than 2 cups of coffee a day had a 44% lower chance of showing actual liver damage compared to those who drank no caffeine. This was not a clinical trial
and the reason why coffee and tea had such an effect is not known. Coffee and tea contain a range of plant chemicals (phytonutrients) that could be responsible for this. A 2005 Norwegian study also found similar benefits for coffee with regards liver disease. This study found that drinking 3 cups of coffee a day could lower the risk of death from liver cirrhosis.

Even if you're not at risk of liver disease
caffeine still has some advantages. Recent research from Austria showed that caffeine may actually enhance short term memory. Researchers found that there was an increase in brain activity (as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging) in the parts of the brain that were associated with memory and attention. These parts of the brain were the frontal lobe and the anterior cingulum. This was a placebo controlled study
meaning that some people were not given any caffeine. Another
earlier study (2004) found that caffeine did support short term memory
but only when it was in relation to a topic that people were already thinking about. This study found that when testing coffee's effects on unrelated subjects
short term recall was actually inhibited.

Everything does have a flip side though. Adenosine
which is blocked by coffee
is also calming. This could be why it can also cause anxiety in excess
and in some individuals. After all
the balance of our brain chemistry is unique. And when we are addicted to stimulants like caffeine
we lose the sensitivity to our own natural stimulants (dopamine and adrenaline).